Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Understanding Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a classification of mental health counseling founded in the 1960s by Dr. Aaron T. Beck.
Cognitive behavioral therapy helps people address problematic thoughts and feelings to overcome addiction.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is used widely today in addiction treatment. CBT teaches those in treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) to find connections between their thoughts, feelings, and actions and increase awareness of how these things impact recovery.
Alongside addiction, CBT also treats co-occurring disorders such as:
- Anxiety
- Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
- Bipolar Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Eating Disorders
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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How Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Work?
Cognitive behavioral therapy shows that many harmful actions and emotions are not logical or rational. These feelings and behaviors may come from past experiences or environmental factors.
When an addicted person understands why they feel or act a certain way — and how those feelings and actions lead to substance use — they are better equipped to overcome their addiction.
Cognitive behavioral therapists help those in recovery to identify their negative “automatic thoughts.” An automatic thought is based on impulse and often comes from misconceptions and internalized feelings of self-doubt and fear. Often, people try to self-medicate these painful thoughts and feelings by drinking alcohol or abusing drugs.
By continually revisiting painful memories, those in treatment can reduce the pain caused by them. They can then learn new, positive behaviors to replace their drug or alcohol use.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Addiction Treatment
Automatic negative thoughts are often a root cause of depression and anxiety disorders, which are common co-occurring disorders with addiction. This means automatic thoughts can make someone more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol as well.
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CBT helps patients overcome drug addiction and alcoholism by:
- Helping to dismiss false beliefs and insecurities that lead to substance abuse
- Providing self-help tools to better their moods
- Teaching effective communication skills
Triggers — situations that “trigger” cravings throughout the day — keep many addicted people from getting sober. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps those struggling with an addiction to deal with triggers in 3 key ways, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
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Skills For Managing Triggers
| Recognize | Identify which circumstances lead to using drugs or drinking. |
|---|---|
| Avoid | Remove yourself from trigger situations whenever possible or appropriate. |
| Cope | Use CBT techniques to address and alleviate emotions and thoughts that lead to substance abuse. |
Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques can be practiced outside the therapist’s office. Those in recovery can do many CBT exercises on their own, from home or in a group setting.
Addiction support groups like the Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART) program also incorporate CBT principles into their self-help exercises to encourage continued sobriety.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques
Cognitive behavioral therapists use specific exercises to help addiction recovery.
Examples of CBT techniques used in addiction treatment include:
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Thought Records
Those in treatment can examine automatic negative thoughts and look for objective evidence supporting and disproving those thoughts. They list evidence for and against their automatic thoughts to compare and contrast. The goal is to help them think more balanced and less harsh thoughts by critically evaluating what they’re thinking.
Example: ‘My manager thinks I’m useless. I need to drink to feel better’ becomes ‘It’s normal to make mistakes, and I can learn from this. My manager will appreciate me learning from my mistakes and heeding her advice. I don’t need alcohol to feel better about myself.’
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Behavioral Experiments
These exercises contrast negative thoughts against positive ones to see which is more effective in changing behavior. Some people respond better to self-kindness and others to self-criticism. Behavioral experiments are all about figuring out what works best for the individual.
Example: ‘If I’m hard on myself after binge drinking, I’ll binge drink less’ vs. ‘If I talk kindly to myself after binge drinking, I’ll binge drink less.’
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Imagery Based Exposure
In this exercise, those in recovery think of a memory that produces powerful negative feelings. They take note of every sight, sound, emotion, thought, and impulse in that moment. By frequently revisiting painful memories, the addicted person can reduce the anxiety caused by them over time.
Example: A young man focuses on a painful childhood memory. He recalls every detail and emotion in the moment. With repeated exposure the memory causes him less and less pain, reducing the need to self-medicate with drugs or alcohol.
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Pleasant Activity Schedule
This technique involves making a weekly list of healthy, fun activities to break up daily routines. These tasks should be simple and easy to perform while encouraging positive emotions. Scheduling these pleasant activities helps reduce negative automatic thoughts and the subsequent need to use drugs or drink.
Example: Instead of using drugs or drinking on the job, an overworked financial advisor relaxes at his desk for 15 minutes every day. He uses that time to find and enjoy a new song from a new musical artist.
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How Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Differs From Other Psychotherapies
Cognitive behavioral therapy offers a hands-on alternative to less engaging therapy methods.
In treatment, individuals do more than talk to their therapists during a CBT session and therapists do more than passively listen. Instead, patients and therapists work together to treat addiction.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is founded on action-focused, rapid treatment. Many 60 to 90 day rehabilitation programs include CBT to provide people with immediate coping techniques.
Some psychotherapy techniques might take years to have a strong impact. CBT often requires 16 sessions to produce meaningful results.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is adaptable, making it effective in inpatient and outpatient settings, as well as individual and group counseling environments. Many therapists and addiction treatment centers include CBT as part of their recovery plans.
Find Resources
Overcoming addiction requires many people and resources. Inpatient and outpatient drug addiction treatment can help you get sober and avoid relapse. Mental health counselors are available to teach the life skills necessary to maintain recovery. Learn more about the opportunities available to you or your loved one and contact a treatment provider today.
Published:
Author
Jeffrey Juergens
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Jeffrey Juergens earned his Bachelor’s and Juris Doctor from the University of Florida. Jeffrey’s desire to help others led him to focus on economic and social development and policy making. After graduation, he decided to pursue his passion of writing and editing. Jeffrey’s mission is to educate and inform the public on addiction issues and help those in need of treatment find the best option for them.
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Reviewed by Certified Addiction Professional:
David Hampton
A survivor of addiction himself, David Hampton is a Certified Professional Recovery Coach (CPRC) and a member of the National Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (NAADAC).
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Sources
Recovery Starts Today
Call Now For Addiction Support
Newport Academy – Teen Rehab Center
Port Townsend , WA
Sequoia Detox Centers
Spokane Valley , WA
Tarzana Recovery Center – TRC
Tarzana , CA
Hollywood Hills Recovery
Los Angelos , CA
Gratitude Lodge Drug & Alcohol Rehab
Long Beach , CA
Asana Recovery – Outpatient Treatment Center
Fountain Valley , CA
The District Recovery Community
Huntington Beach , CA
Renaissance Recovery
Fountain Valley , CA
California Prime Recovery
Fountain Valley , CA